Chap No. 14 D and F BLOCK ELEMENTS

1.      Electronic configuration for D-shell; (n-1)d^1-10 ns^0,1,2,3

2.      Binding energy increase upto VIB and then decreases.

3.      Oxidation states; +3 is common at beginning and +2 at the end.

Catalytic properties;

4.      Fe → Haber process → Ammonia synthesis

5.      V₂O₅ → Contact process → H₂SO₄ synthesis

6.      TiCl₄ → polymerization of ethene to polythene

7.      Ni, Pt and Pd → hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

8.      Cu → oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde.

Magnetic behavior;

9.      Weakly attracted → paramagnetic

10.  Weakly repelled → diamagnetic

11.  Paramagnetic → one or more unpaired electron

12.  Diamagnetic → pared electrons

13.  Ferromagnetic → five unpaired electrons like Fe⁺³ and Mn⁺²

Alloy Formation;

14.  Gold →     Cu = 20-25 %,   Au=70-75 %   → 18 carat

15.  Brass →    Cu = 60-80 %,   Zn=20-40 %

16.  Bronze → Cu =75-90 %,    Sn=10-25 %

17.  Steel →    Fe=90-95 %,      C=0.1-2 %

Complex Ion

18.  A pale blue precipitate of Cu (II) hydroxide forms when ammonia is added to a solution of Cu (II) ions.

19.  If we add more ammonia to four ammonia molecules and two water molecules surrounds Cu⁺² ion and deep blue solution of formula [Cu(H₂O₂(NH₃)₄]⁺²  is formed.

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Nomenclature of coordination complex

20.  Catoin is named first and anion later.

21.  Negative ligands ends with ‘o’.

22.  Positive ligands end with ‘ium’.

23.  Ligand of complex are named in order of negative → neutral → positive.

24.  Name of metal is followed by ‘ate’.

25.  [Cr(NH₃) ₆](NO₃) ₃ →Hexaamminechromium (lll) nitrate

26.  K₂ [PtCl₆]   → Potassium hexachoroplatinate (lV)

27.  [CO(NH₃) ₃(NH₂)₃]   → Trinitrotriaminecobalt (lll)

28.  [CO(NH₃)₄(Cl₂)]Cl  → Dichlorotetraaminecobalt (lll) chloride

29.  Na₃[Co(NO₂)₆]    → sodium hexachlorocobaltater (lll)

30.  Na₃[Fe(CN)₆]    → sodium hexacyanoferrate (lll)

31.  K₃ [Fe(CN)₆]   → potassium hexacyanoferrate (lll)

32.  Na₂ [Fe(N)(CN)₅]    → Sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate (lll)

33.  [CO(en)₂ (Cl)₂]    →Dichloro-Bi-ethylenediamine cobalt (ll)

Shapes of complex ions

34.  6-Coordinated complex ions has octahedral shape.

35.  4-coordinated complex ions have tetrahedral and square planar complex.

36.  5-coordinated complex ions have triognal bipyramidral and square pyramidal shapes.

37.  [CuCl₄]^2- and [CoCl] ^2- have tetrahedral ion geometry

38.  Cisplatin {Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂} has square planar structure

Colours of Complexes

39.  Sc³⁺ → Colourless

40.  Ti³⁺→ Purple

41.  Ti⁴⁺→ Colourless

42.  Cr³⁺→ Blue

43.  Mn²⁺→ Green

44.  Fe³⁺→ Yellow

45.  Co²⁺→ Blue

46.  Ni²⁺→ Green

47.  Cu²⁺→ Blue

48.  Zn²⁺→ Colourless

→ 33-43-23-22-22  →p-bgy-bgb