Parts of Speech

Words are divided into different kinds or classes, called parts of speech, according to Their use; that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. The parts of speech are eight in number:

1.      Noun

2.      Adjective

3.      Pronounce

4.      Verb

5.      Adverb

6.      Prepositions

7.      Conjunction

8.      Interjection

 

1. A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing; as

·         Akbar Was a great king

·         Lahore is on the Ravi.

·         The rose smells sweet.

·         The sun shines brightly.

·         His courage won him honour

 

Note: The word 'things' includes

(i) all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch, or smell and

(ii) something that we can think of, but cannot perceive

2. An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun; as,

·         He is a brave boy

·         There are twenty boys in this class

3. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun; as

·         Aslam is absent because he is ill.

·         The books are where you left them

4. A Verb is a word used to say something about some person or thing; as,

·         The girl wrote a letter to her cousin.

·         Peshawar is a big town.

·         Iron and copper are useful metals.

5. An Adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, adjective, or another adverb; as,

·         He Worked the sum quickly

·         She pronounced the word quite correctly

·         This flower is very beautiful.

6. A preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show the person or Thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else; as,

·         There is a cow in the garden.

·         The girl is fond of music.

·         A fair little girl sat under a tree.

7. A conjunction is word used to join words or sentences; as

·         Javed and Javeria are cousins.

·         Iran fast but missed the train.

·         Two and two make four

8. An Interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feeling;

·         Hurrah! We have won the game.

·         Alas! She is dead.

As words are divided into different classes according to the work in sentences, it is clear that we cannot say to which part of speech a word belongs unless we see

It used in a sentence.

·         They arrived soon after. (Adverb)

·         They arrived after us. (Preposition)

·         They arrived after we had left.(Conjunction).

·         From the above examples we see that the same word can be used as different parts of speech.

 

Exercise

Name the part of speech of each italicized word in the following sentences, giving in each case your reason for the classification:

1. Still waters run deep.

2. He still lives in the house.

3 After the storm comes the calm.

4. The after effects of the drug are bad.

5. The up train is late

6. It Weighs about a pound.

7. He told us all about the battle.

8. He was only a yard off me.

9. Suddenly one of the wheels came off .

10. Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.

11. He kept the fast for a week.

12. He is on the committee.

13. Let us move on.

14. Sit down and rest a while.

15. I will watch while you sleep.

16. They while away their evenings with books